The main factors, among the severa! ones, that can determine success or failure of pasture establishment in Tropical Brazil are: seed quality, seed preparation, inoculant (for leguminous plants) quality, soil fertility, soil preparation, time and method of seed sowingand management for establishment. These factors, isolated or together, can determine not only the success or failure of the establishment but, also, they can impair pasture productivity along the time of exploration. More research on these aspects should be estimulated in Brazil.