PROBLEMS IN THE SEED PRODUCTION OF TROPICAL FORAGE SPECIES

PAUL RAYMAN

 

For more than 15 years l have been working with pasture formation and seed production of tropical forage species. I own no land and I work in a system in which I share profits and expenses with the land owner. Seeds are harvested for 3 consecutive years in the established areas. In establishing new areas, sowing is performed before the beginning of the raining season (end of September/beginning of October). At this operation seeds and fertilizers are mixed and broadcasted over the seed bed, which is further rolled for soil compactation. Management of the established areas consists, mainly, of cuts performed immediatly after the first seed harvest, where a second one can be expected. This has not been easy to perform since the commercially available equipments are not efficient under condition of high quantities of green material. Costs represent the main problem in harvesting. This is because the mechanical harvester is very expensive and its period of utilization with the forage species is restricted to only a few days. We have extended this period by delaying flowering and, consequently, harvesting, of parts of the crop, through strategic cuttings before the normally expected flowering period, and by planting several species with different harvesting periods. We also are evaluating the possibility of harvesting two species on the same area. Forage utilization by the cattle between harvests is a important part of this scheme of production. Seed drying has been done under the sun and this has represented problems since frequently it coincides with the wet season and that make us draw heavily upon labour. Selling the seeds has not been easy either, mostly because there are not bank credits available for the farmers to buy this type of seeds. Besides, farmer's interests for forage legume seeds has been very low. The possibility of exporting seeds to other countries has appeared but, however, the excess of bureaucracy has made not only that difficult but the production process itself.



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