Altough the difference between the crop handling of up land and low hand rice, the pathogens are pratically the same, existing variation only in the incidence percentage and in the pathogenicity for the different rice tilling regions. The main pathogens are Pyricularia oryzae Cav. and Drechslera oryzae (Breda de Van) Subramanian and Jain, being these fungi responsable for great losses in the field, coming from endemic and epidemic attacks. Phoma spp. and Rhyndosporium oryzae are increasing their incidence in the Iast years, specially in the south of Brazíl. Control measurements being preventives or curatives, must be used, specially by seed producers, aiming the loss reduction in the field. For best disease control it is necessary a previous understanding of the microrganisms involved. Ist is suggested to check the blotter test method, with and without deep-freezing, at a temperature of 20±20C, with 12h of daylight and 12h of darkness, for 8 days. lt is also suggested a pre-treatment with sodium hipoclorite.