A study was carried out, at Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, with the objective to evaluate the effects of the osmotic conditioning, at different temperatures, on the physiological quality of soybean seeds, varieties Doko and UFV-5. The seeds of the two varieties were submitted to osmotic conditioning in PEG-6000 at -0.8MPa, for four days, at five temperatures (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C). The evaluation of the physiological quality of the seeds was determinated by means of germination test, dry biomass, seedling length and electric conductivity. The best results for the two studied varieties, were obtained with the seeds submitted to the osmotic conditioning between 20 and 25°C. Previous imbibition of seeds in water was harmful to germination and other appraised traits. The osmotic conditioning of the soybean seeds improved the germination, reduced the leakage of seeds electrolytes, promoted larger seedling growth and dry biomass.