The objective of the work was to evaluate the incidence of microorganisms and their effect on physiological quality of vigna bean seeds, after 12 storage month. Five seed lots of the cultivar IPA206, yield in 1995, from five farmers of Juazeiro-BA and Petrolina-PE in the Submedio São Francisco region were analised. The seeds were evaluated by the ?blotter test?, in gerbox with 20 replications of 20 seeds (400 seeds) per lot and individually observed under stereo and compound microscopes. The physiological quality was evaluated by the germination and vigor tests (first count germination, electrical conductivity, accelerated aging, cold without soil and field emergency). The laboratory tests were run in a completely randomized design while the field tests were run in a randomized blocks complete. The averages were compared with Tukey?s tests at 5%. Results indicated that: the pathogens associated with vigna bean seeds were: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma sp. e Penicillium digitatum;it were also observed the presence of bacterias; the fisrt count germination and electrical conductivity tests were reliable to separate the seed lots according to their vigor levels.