The objective of the research was to evaluated the physiological quality of canola seeds, separated by the testa coloration, after twenty four and thirty months of storage, without control of temperature and humidity of the air. The seeds were originated from a field experiment carried out in a soil Yellow Red Latossolo (sandy loam), at the State University from São Paulo, Brazil, to study the effects of the potassium fertilization and time of harvesting in the germination and vigor of the seeds. The used experimental design was a subplot replicated four times in completely randomized blocks. Potassium levels (0.0 and 40.0 kg.ha-1 of K2O) were applied in the plots, and the subplots were seven weekly harvests, starting 112 days after planting (DAP). Seed quality was evaluated after twenty-four and thirty months of storage of the seeds that were separated for the brown and black coloration of the testa. The results showed that the seeds came with the black coloration, in larger proportion, in the treatment with or without potassium. The positive effect of potassium fertilization on seed quality was evident at twenty-four months of storage. The brown seeds showed smaller germination and vigor at thirty months.