The X ray test is a useful tool to evaluate seed physical quality, thatt can be affected by the occurrence of empty seeds and the presence of insects and physical alterations. The objective of this study was also to investigate the efficiency of the X ray test in the evaluation of internal damage in seeds of Eugenia pleurantha, as well as to examine the consequence of this damage in the germination. Seeds of Eugenia pleurantha were placed in supports and exposed to several radiation intensities (35, 45, 50 and 60 Kvp) for 45 and 60 seconds to determine the X ray pattern. According
to the anatomy visualized in the X rays, the seeds were classified as full seeds and infested seeds. The seeds were submitted to the germination test with sand as substratum placed at 30°C under continuous light. The 50 Kvp radiation intensity and a 60 second exposure to the X rays allowed clear visualization of the internal damage caused by the presence of insects in the seeds. The internal damage caused by insects prevented Eugenia pleurantha seed germination.