Long-term survival during dry storage or longevity is a pre-requisite to avoid deterioration, leading to loss

of vigor. Longevity is routinely evaluated by the ability to germinate after storage. It increases progressively during seed

maturation, after the acquisition of desiccation tolerance. However, the capacity to germinate represents only a part of the

success of crop establishment. How seed maturation affects the resistance of several traits, as vigor, associated with seedling

establishment, against deterioration was evaluated during seed filling and post-abscission phase of soybean BRS 284 seeds.

Three new phenological stages between 7.1 and 7.2 (7.1.1, 7.1.2 and 7.1.3) were introduced to capture the rapid increase in

seed longevity. Germination speed started to be affected at 7-14 days after storage depending on the stages. The delay on

germination increased with maturation from 7.1.3 to dry mature seeds. The time to 50% loss of elongation capacity of both

organs during storage was similar to that of loss of germination. Also, it increased steadily during seed maturation after mass

maturity and harvest maturity stages, highlighting the importance of the late phase of seed maturation for building seed vigor.